Like members of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, Malcolm X advocated for the right of armed self-defense for Black and other oppressed groups who lived in so violently a racist society as the United States.

This video clip below offers an excerpt of “Message to the Grass Roots,” a speech by Malcolm X in Detroit, MI on November 10 1963 at the Northern Negro Grass Roots Leadership Conference.

Two years after giving this speech, he was assassinated in New York City on Feb. 21, 1965.